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  1. Introduction Electric scooters (e-scooters) have become increasingly popular in urban environments as a convenient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective mode of transportation. Their compact size, ease of use, and ability to cover short to medium distances make them an attractive option for commuters, tourists, and students. 2. History and Development Early Innovations: The first iterations of electric scooters were introduced in the late 20th century. However, it wasn’t until the advancements in battery technology, particularly lithium-ion batteries, that e-scooters became practical for everyday use. Modern E-Scooters: By the late 2010s, companies like Bird, Lime, and Spin popularized the concept of dockless electric scooters available for rent in major cities, leading to a surge in their adoption. 3. How Electric Scooters Work Battery: Most e-scooters are powered by rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which provide energy to the motor. Motor: The motor, typically hub-based, conv